Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone synthesized by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid. It causes a rapid, but short lived, reduction in serum calcium and phosphate by promoting the incorporation of those ions in the bones. This effect is opposite to that of parathyroid hormone. Staining for calcitonin may be used for the identification of a spectrum of C cell proliferative abnormalities ranging from C cell hyperplasia to invasive tumors. Staining for calcitonin in medullary carc

The helix-loop-helix (HLH) structures are known motifs commonly found in membrane-active and DNA-binding proteins. The helix-loop-helix proteins HEN1 and HEN2 are DNA-binding proteins that may be involved in cell-type determination in the early nervous system. Studies of expression in normal tissues have demonstrated expression of NHLH1/NSCL-1 and NHLH2/NSCL-2, the genes encoding HEN1 and HEN2, in the developing central and peripheral nervous system, specifically in developing neurons.

Prepro-orexin is 130 amino acid long peptide with a putative 33 AA secretory sequence, a hydrophobic core followed by residues with small polar side chains. The expression was detected in brain and to a small extent in testis. These neuropeptides bind and activate two closely related Orexin receptors—G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) OX1R and OX2R. Orexins (Orexin A and Orexin B) are a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides selectively expressed in the hypothalamus. Orexin A and Orexin B

Amylin is commonly found in pancreatic islets of patients suffering diabetes mellitus type II, or harboring an insulinoma. While the assosciation of amylin with the development of type II diabetes has been known for some time, a direct causative role for amylin has been harder to establish. Recent results suggest that amylin, like the related beta amyloid (Abeta) assosciated with Alzheimer's disease, can induce apoptotic cell death in particular cultured cells, an effect that may be relevant t

This gene encodes a polypeptide hormone precursor that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the polypeptide precursor and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cell

Lysipressin Acetate is an analog of Vasopressin, a powerful vasopressor used to modulate blood pressure. An endogenous antidiuretic hormone in most mammalian species. It is released into the blood from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary and median eminence. It is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and also implicated in a variety of physiological processes such as regulating water balance by antidiuretic action.