The B subunit of cholera toxin (CtxB) binds to a GM1-ganglioside receptor, a ubiquitous glycolipid cell surface receptor. This binding is widely accepted to initiate toxin action by triggering uptake and delivery of the toxin A subunit into cells. The beta chain has no toxic activity by itself. The holotoxin consists of a pentameric ring of B subunits whose central pore is occupied by the A subunit. The A subunit contains two chains, A1 and A2, linked by a disulfide bridge. The A subunit (and

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. The protein is membrane-bound and may be involved in protein transport and small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Mutations in this gene are associated with Griscelli syndrome type 2. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq].

bs-0675P is one synthetic peptide derived from human FGFR2. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are members of a large family of structurally related polypeptides that are potent physiological regulators of growth and differentiation for a wide variety of cells of mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal origin. Four genes encoding for high affinity cell surface FGF receptors (FGFRs) have been identified: FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. FGFRs are members of the tyrosine kinase family of growth fac

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, and angiotensin II into the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. The organ- and cell-specific expression of this gene suggests that it may play a role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function, as well as fertility.

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) can be classified as either high risk or low risk according to their association with cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most common of the high risk group while HPV6 and HPV11 are among the low risk types. Approximately 90% of cervical cancers contain HPV DNA of the high risk types. Mutational analysis have shown that the E6 and E7 genes of the high risk HPVs are necessary and sufficient for HPV transforming function. The specific interactions of the E6 and E7

Influenza A virus is a major public health threat. Novel influenza virus strains caused by genetic drift and viral recombination emerge periodically to which humans have little or no immunity, resulting in devastating pandemics. Influenza A can exist in a variety of animals; however it is in birds that all subtypes can be found. These subtypes are classified based on the combination of the virus coat glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. During 1997, an H5N1 avian