Leptin, the product of the ob (obese) gene, is a 16kD protein consisting of 146 amino acid residues. Leptin is produced in the adipose tissue, and is considered to play an important role in appetite control, fat metabolism and regulation of body weight. It targets the central nervous system, particularly hypothalamus, affecting food intake. Leptin levels are high in most obese individuals. Studies have shown that it may also influence reproductive function.

Mammalian Interferon gamma is mainly produced by T lymphocytes and NK cells. It is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of nearly all phases of immune and inflammatory responses,including the activation, growth and differentiation of T cell, B cells, macrophages, NK cells and other cell types such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. It has weak antiviral and antiproliferative activity, and poteniates the antiviral and anti tumor effects of IFN alpha / beta (type I interfe

IL33 is a cytokine which belongs to the IL-1 superfamily, and it induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokines. This cytokine was previously named NF-HEV 'nuclear factor (NF) in high endothelial venules' (HEVs), as it was originally identified in these specialized cells.$n IL33 mediates its biological effects by interacting with the receptors ST2 and IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein, activating intracellular molecules in the NF-kappaB and MAP kinase signaling pathways that drive produc

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that shares sequence similarity with interleukin 17. This cytokine can induce NF-kappaB activation, and stimulate the production of interleukin8. Both this cytokine and interleukin 17B are ligands for the cytokine receptor IL17BR. Studies of a similar gene in mice suggest that this cytokine may be a pro-inflammatory cytokine favoring the Th2-type immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq].

Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. TARC displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. TARC binds to chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8. This chemokine plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells.

The protein encoded by this gene is an inflammatory chemokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is produced concomitantly with interleukin-8 (IL8) in response to stimulation with either interleukin-1 (IL1) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA). This chemokine is a potent chemotaxin involved in neutrophil activation. [provided by RefSeq].$n